Impact of the Antenna Spacing on the Brightness Temperature Maps Retrieved with a Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radiometer

For almost five years, phase 0 and phase A studies have been conducted by the French space agency for a second generation of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite devoted to a High Resolution (HR) follow-on mission.Within the frame of the preliminary results obtained with a candidate array for this SMOS-HR project, this contribution focuses on what could happen to any CELL TECH synthetic aperture imaging radiometer when the shortest spacing between the antennas of the interferometric array becomes smaller than a geometrical limit below which the synthesized field of view seems to be wider than the field of view seen Angel Food Cake Pans by each elementary antenna.It is shown that in such a situation, the inversion of the complex visibilities becomes unstable in presence of noise and this instability is characterized by the undesirable presence of a phantom in the retrieved brightness temperature maps.The origin of this phantom is explained and a solution to cure the interferometric array from that issue is proposed and assessed with the aid of numerical simulations.

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